biology quiz please help!!!?

1. Which statement is NOT true about a karyotype?
a) Chromosomes are arranged in matched pairs.
b) All eukaryotic karyotypes contain 46 chromosomes.
c) Chromosomes are linear in appearance.
d) Karyotypes can be used to screen for chromosome abnormalities.

2. In semiconservative replication, each of the new daughter double-strands of DNA has…
a) one original strand and one newly synthesized strand
b) two strands from the original DNA molecule
c) two newly assembled strands
d) None of the above

3. Erwin Chargaff found the following composition of rat DNA bases: A= 28.6%, T= 28.4%, G=21.4%, C=21.5%. A bacterial DNA base composition was as follows: A=15.1%, T= 14.6%, G=34.9%, C= 35.4%. Which of the following statements is consistent with these observations?
a) Purines always outnumber pyrimidines.
b) Pyrimidines always outnumber purines.
c) Bacteria always have low purine fractions.
d) humans always have high pyrimidine fractions.
e) Purines and pyrimidines are present in about equal proportions in a species.

4. Watson and Crick discovered the twisted, helical shape of DNA by drawing upon the investigations of other scientists. The work of which scientist was of most value in revealing DNA’s shape?
a). Avery, who transformed bacteria using purified DNA
b) E. Chargaff, who measured the ratio of DNA components
c) P. Levene, who found that nucleic acids contain three main parts
d) R. Franklin, who bombarded DNA with x-rays
e) F. Miescher, who isolated DNA from a variety of cells

5. The DNA molecule has the form of a helical, step-ladder containing vertical uprights and horizontal steps. Which components would you expect to find as a part of the uprights?
a) Ribose and phosphate
b) Adenine and uracil
c) Adenine and thymine
d) Deoxyribose and phosphate
e) Cytosine and guanine

6. If one side of a DNA ladder contains the bases ATGCCA, what would be the complementary base composition of the other side of the ladder?
a) ATGCCA
b) ATCGGA
c) UACGGU
d) TACGGT
e) ATCCCT

7. What is the consequence of a deficient DNA polymerase?
a) Failure of nucleotide-splitting to create a replication fork.
b) Failure of nucleotide splitting to create a replication bubble.
c) Failure of the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end of a molecule.
d) Failure of addition of nucleotides to the 5’ end of a molecule.
e) Failure to link preformed fragments into a single strand.

8. If a DNA molecule contained the base sequence of 5’ TATCGTC 3’, what would be the sequence of the complementary, NEW strand after replication?
a) 5’ ATAGCTG 3’
b) 5’ ATAGCAG 3’
c) 3’ ATAGCTG 3’
d) 5’ ATAGTAG 3’
e) 3’ ATAGCAG 5’

9. Samantha is an albino, which means she lacks a pigment in her skin and eyes due to a faulty enzyme. How would you best characterize her albinism gene?
a) The gene lacks the amino acids needed for enzyme synthesis.
b) The gene lacks the correct nucleotide sequence needed for enzyme synthesis.
c) The gene lacks the correct amino acid sequence.
d) The gene lacks the correct polypeptide sequence.

10. Grace spent long hours in the sun and damaged the DNA of her skin cells so that the damaged cells could no longer make new skin cells. How would you classify the damaged DNA segment?
a) an intron
b) an exon
c) a telomere
d) a transposon
e) a mutation

11. Destiny is a geneticist who studies the aging process, particularly the chromosome caps which fail to allow new cell division as cells age. How would she classify those caps?
a) an intron
b) an exon
c) a telomere
d) a transposons
e) repetitive DNA

12. Chargaff’s rules state that the amount of A,T, G, and C bases in DNA
a) Varies from species to species and the amount of A=T and G=C
b) Varies from species to species and the amount of A=G and T=C
c) Is the same from species to species and the amount of A=T and G=C
d) is the same from species to species and the amount of A=G and T=C

13. Because each daughter molecule contains 1 old strand of DNA, DNA replication is said to be….
a) Conservative
b) Preservative
c) semi-discontinuous
d) semi-conservative

14. Which of the following is a feature of eukaryotic DNA replication?
a) Replication bubbles spread bi-directionally.
b) A new strand is synthesized using old strand as a template
c) Complementary base pairing determines which nucleotides should be added to the parental strand.
d) All of the above.

15. If a sequence of DNA reads: TACGGCAATCCT, the resulting complementary, mRNA strand (transcript) would be….
a) UUGCCGUUAGGA
b)ATGCCGTTAGGA
c) AUGCCGAAUGGU
d) AUGCCGUUAGGA

16. Using the correct mRNA from the previous question, which is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide?
a) met-pro-leu-gly
b) met-lys-asp-glu
c) tyr-gly-leu-gly
d) tyr-thr-ala-glu