The typical treatment for congenital kyphosis is surgery. Early surgical intervention produces the best results and can prevent progression of the curve. The type of surgical procedure will depend on the nature of the abnormality.
When surgery is not done, it is critical that the condition is observed and that close medical follow-up is done, including X-rays and MRI scans, control of pain and deformity with a physical therapy program, mild pain medications, and a neck brace. This is to make sure the kyphosis isn't worsening to the point that it causes serious problems.
Surgery to treat cervical kyphosis usually involves spinal fusion combined with segmental instrumentation. This means that some type of metal (ex. titanium) plate or rod is used to hold the spine in the proper alignment to straighten it.
Surgery may require two procedures done during the same operation. First, surgery to the front of the spine is done to relieve the pressure on the spinal cord. The second procedure is done through the back to fuse the spine and prevent the kyphosis from returning.